Momentum Day Trading

A good momentum trader would wake up early in the morning reading up on the news that may have affected existing trades, or new ones generated the previous day by his system. Momentum traders use online trading platforms more often as it gives them the power of speedy trading. These platforms also provide the latest market news and picks for the trading period. Commodities that have shown very large volume growth with an increase in momentum recently are ideal candidates for the next few trades. Business channels often blare out the latest commodity market updates live and traders gather as much information as they can to help them determine which trades they are going to take.

Momentum traders use charts regularly to determine trends and momentum picks.

Momentum Trading With Charts

A good momentum trader picks trades by using key indicators which usually includes the momentum indicator. This indicator analyzes actual total changes in a commodities closing price over a predefined amount of time while comparing its traded volumes. These are what will tell the trader whether he can shortlist the commodity or not. Once the trader has picked out the trades that match his criteria of being in momentum, the chart for the commodity is pulled up and analyzed. Here, re-confirmation of a trend and momentum are established in different timeframes for the same commodity. When a breakout is confirmed either up or down, then the order to buy or sell the commodity futures is placed. As soon as this order is executed, the disciplined momentum trader immediately places a stop order limiting his loss to a certain fixed amount, which is determined by his trading system.

If he is correct, the commodity will move in momentum, and breakout of its range. If it does so, and the trader keeps investing the money on this particular trade, he will maintain a keen eye on his technical indicators and oscillators for any exhaustion signals. When he gets an exhaustion signal, or his target is reached, he will place an order to close the trade. While his trade moves in momentum, he will also move his stop up slowly to make sure he locks in some gains every time the trade responds in his favor. This is called a trailing stop. Of course, he will be stopped out if he is wrong.

Thus, a momentum trader essentially uses momentum indicators to trade possible breakouts in futures or futures options, which are showing momentum according to the trading system on the charts. However, to be a good momentum trader, discipline and hard work is necessary.

%K = (Recent Close-Lowest Low (n) / Highest High (n) – Lowest Low (n)) x 100

%D = 3 period moving average of %K

And (n) = the number of periods used for calculations

Hence, a 20 day stochastic oscillator would take the most recent close, the highest high of the last 20 days as well as the lowest low of the last 20 days. The general time period used here is the 14 time period. These formulas are shown here for clarification only. One rarely ever needs to calculate these values manually, as the software used for charting will automatically plot it straight on your commodities chart.

Stochastic Oscillator – How Do We Use It?

Essentially, Stochastic Oscillators have three types. Fast, full and slow. By default, most trading software tends to use the fast one. Here, the oscillator comprises of two lines. The first one is %K which measures the raw momentum of the commodity. As discussed earlier, %D is just a simple moving average of %K, but is still more important than %K. Generally, it is seen that the %K line is the faster line, and the %D line is the slower one. A trader needs to look out for %D line and price both moving to either overbought territory, or the oversold territory. One can sell the commodity when it moves above 80, and then crosses over to begin moving down again and buy when it reaches 20 and begins to move up again. The slow or full stochastic oscillators are smoother, as compared to the fast stochastic. However, it is important to remember that just because the oscillator shows that it is above 80, this does not mean that it is overbought. It may well continue to trend upwards a long time after that.

Divergences

Sometimes, something unusual happens. There is sometimes a divergence between the prices and the stochastic oscillator. When prices are moving up the oscillator is showing that it is oversold, and vice versa. This tells us that the current trend is losing steam. So, if the commodity moves up, but the %D is going down, this would be a bearish sign. However, it must be noted that the signal is not considered a divergence till %K line moves across the %D line in a direction opposite to the price. One has to be careful with the stochastic oscillator as there are a lot of whipsaw possibilities. Divergence trades are best taken when the oscillator moves below 80 once, moves back up again, and gives a double top formation to move down again below 80.

It is not advised to use this oscillator by itself for commodity and commodity options trading. It is always better to get verification from as many different indicators, but this indicator will give you a very good idea about the trend momentum of a commodity.

Commodity futures trading, as we know it today, came about for the first time in Japan in the 17th century, where rice was being traded in future contracts. It was a period when farmers and buyers came together and decided to commit to each other future prices negotiated on suitable terms in exchange of grain for money. For example, a dealer would agree to buy a ton of rice at the end of the next month for a certain price from a farmer. This would be ideal for both parties, as the farmer would know how much he would get for his rice in advance, and the buyer could plan to raise the money he needed for the purchase. Contracts such as these became more and more popular and common, and were even used as collateral for taking loans. If the buyer could not take delivery of the rice, he could sell the contract to someone else. On the other hand, if the farmer could not deliver the goods, then he could hand over the contract to another farmer. Thus began commodity futures trading, as we know it today. 

What Are Commodity Futures?

Today, most of the futures commodity trading exchange are set up in a similar way.  Members of the exchange do the actual trading on the floor.  Stock stands for equity in a public company, and can be held as long as you want whereas commodity futures trading contracts have a specified life. In the past, generally people used commodity futures trading methods to hedge risks and fluctuation in prices, or to take advantage of them, and not for actually buying into the commodity. The idea is that a contract requires delivery of a commodity within a certain predefined time period unless it becomes null and void. The person buying the commodity futures trading contract agrees to buy the specified commodity at a fixed price on a certain date. The person selling the commodity futures trading contract agrees to sell the commodity at a certain price on a certain date. As time goes on, the contract price fluctuates, and this brings about profit and loss in the trade. It is to be noted, however that, the delivery generally doesn’t take place. The contract is usually liquidated before its expiry. The entire trade is based on the idea that there will be no delivery, but we can speculate on the price of the underlying commodity at a future time to make money. Commodity futures trading and futures options trading is done all over the world now.

Different Types Of Commodities

There are many types of commodities that are traded in the international market.These can be broadly categorized into the following:

•    Precious metals like Gold, Platinum, Silver, etc.,
•    Metals such as Aluminum, Copper, Steel, etc.,
•    Agricultural products like Rice, Corn, Oils, Cotton, Wheat, etc.,
•    Soft commodities such as Cocoa, Coffee, Tea, Sugar, etc.,
•    Livestock like potbellies, cattle, etc.,
•    Energy commodities like Crude oil, Gasoline, Gas, etc.

If we include forex markets, it has been noted that volumes for futures
trading is far more (or many times over) than those of equity markets in
the US. This goes to show us the amount of interest that futures trading generates worldwide.

Trade Correctly Or Not At All

A lot of people don’t realize it, but they end up learning through trial and error. However, you are unlikely to become a good trader if you use this method. The first thing you need to do to trade the right way is to read as much as possible about commodity trading. This may not give you the best trading plan, but it will definitely prepare you for the trades you might want to take in the future. You will gain more knowledge about the risks you are about to take, and how to limit them. You will also have the benefit of learning from the mistakes made by the experts, rather than having to go through them yourself.

Essentials Of A Sound Trading Strategy

The first decision you need to take while formulating a trading strategy is to decide how much capital you want to invest, as this will greatly determine how much you will end up making as profit. The more you invest, the better your chances of making money. It provides more lasting power in the markets if you have more ‘risk capital’. Risk Capital is the amount of money you are willing to lose without it affecting your way of life. The next step is to decide what your average trade investment will be – as in the value of each trade taken.

The four essentials of any good trading strategy are as follows. Firstly, always remember to trade in the direction of the market trend. Remember, the market trend is your only friend. Secondly, always keep stops in place. They will determine how much capital you will lose. Thirdly, let your profits run as deep as you can. Don’t be in a hurry to exit a trade if you are making only a little money. This sounds like it is easy to do, but is perhaps the most difficult of all the four principals. Lastly, manage your risk wisely and carefully. Make sure that the risk reward ratio is always leaning in your favor when you are taking a trade.

Use Of Technical Analysis

Most traders use technical analysis as part of their trading strategy. Technical analysis provides many vital tools that allow you to be more informed about the trades you are taking, and help to decide which ones to ignore. Among other things, indicators that are used in technical analysis allow you to determine trends, entry points, stops, target prices, supports, resistances, possible breakouts and breakdowns. It would be wise to use these indicators when you are formulating a strategy to trade in the commodity markets and also with commodity options.

Remember, it is wise to always trade a commodity that you are knowledgeable about. Try to master one commodity and know the factors that affect its movements. Know what you are trading, and you will find your self on the winning side more often.

The Basics

When you trade in the commodity futures markets, you are not actually buying something. Instead you buy its future contract purely on the assumption that the price of the commodity is likely to move upward in the immediate future before the expiry of the contract. You buy to gain profit from this increase in price. For example, if you buy gold futures at $650 now, and the price at the expiry of the contract is $660, you would have made $10 on the commodity futures contract without actually trading in or buying any gold.

People choose to trade in commodity futures and futures options because it offers them an opportunity to get very large leverage on their invested capital. If, for example, you had about $20,000 you would be able to buy an S & P 500 stock future of the index. The same in actual equity stock could cost you $350,000. So, you get leverage of 17 times on your $20,000 if you invest in futures. This has huge ramifications where return on investment is concerned. If you make $20,000 dollars on an upward trend on this contract, you would have ended up with a 100% profit on your investment! This is as opposed to investing in actual stock worth $350,000 and getting $20,000 as return on investment. Puts things in perspective, doesn’t it?

What Are The Risks Involved?

However it’s not all roses out there or everyone would be trading and doing nothing else. The truth is that there are many inherent risks in doing commodity futures trading too. The key is the risk to reward ratio. A lot of people are not as concerned about the return on their money as they are of their invested money returning. Greater the risk, the greater is the return. Of course, if you’re wrong, you lose just a few thousand dollars trading carefully over a long period of time, but if you don’t have the luxury of patience, you may lose a fortune quickly in just a few large trades.

Hence, one must remember that there is a huge risk of loss in commodity futures trading. To limit this loss, people use what is known as a ‘stop’ or a ‘stoploss’. These are orders placed to square off your position if it turns against you in any trade to limit your loss. These are considered an essential part of commodity futures trading, as you never know what unforeseen event lurks ahead that has the potential to wipe out a large chunk of your invested capital. To make money, one has to accept that you will lose money also. If you have a good trading system, and use stops in your trades, you are sure to succeed over time.

Sometimes markets move so fast that your stop loss will not be hit. This is due to the broker not being able to trade the market for you because of these limit moves. It is for this reason, many only choose futures options. 

Commodity futures hold immense potential in making for you huge amounts of money. However, one needs to be careful, and invest funds wisely and with patience.

For example, if the underlying futures market was trading at 3.00 and I sold a 3.50 call option, this option is not yet in the money. It is “out of the money”. If the futures hits 3.50, then the option is “at the money”. Once it goes beyond 3.50, it is in the money. If I sold the commodity option and the futures eventually goes to 5.50, then it has 2.00 worth of “real value” or intrinsic value. So we can lose more than we expected. Some people only buy options for this reason.

When buying futures options though, you are paying premium and this is risk as well. The chance that you will be in the money and recover your premium payment is the risk involved. There is unlimited profit potential with limited risk. But the disadvantage is that the options usually expire worthless. Leverage is the reason people buy futures options. You can control  the underlying futures with a smaller investment and less risk than by buying or selling the futures contract. I am paying a premium to put this on and I am trading time as well. Meaning, I only have until the option expires to be correct, so time is a factor in futures options trading also.

Futures options sellers are trading the fact the an option will not be profitable for the option buyer before a certain time frame. Hopefully the futures option will expire worthless or lose value before the expiration of the option.

I will write about other techniques in a different article. There are many ways to trade futures options. You can buy an option or sell an option or you can put on a credit spread where you do both.

Moving Averages: How Do We Use them?

Moving averages identify trends and trend reversals, give a measure of a commodities’ strength, and help you arrive at support and resistance levels. Essentially, moving averages are indicators with lag, which is to say that they do not identify new trends but are useful in trend following.  One of the most useful ways in which you can use moving averages as buy or sell indicators, is to have three moving averages running at the same time on the same chart. The idea is to have a short, an intermediate and a longer term time frame. When the first two move upwards and cross above the longer term one, it indicates an uptrend and one can buy. The reverse happens if the first two move below the third moving average. In that case, you can sell, as the commodity is in a downtrend.  A good example of this would be a 10, 20, and a 30 day period moving average, plotted on a commodity chart.

Moving averages are also used by traders to determine support and resistance of a commodity. When the commodity reaches a moving average and struggles to move above it, you might have found resistance. If a commodity stops falling at a key moving average, it can be deemed to have found support.  A prime example of this is a 200 day moving average, which is used to calculate long-term trend directions, and to find support and resistance in them.

Types of Moving Averages

There are different types of moving averages. The simplest one is the simple moving average (SMA), which is calculated by taking the normal arithmetic mean of a specified set of numbers. The exponential moving average (EMA) is calculated by giving weightage to more recent data.  The EMA is regarded to be a better moving average compared to the SMA.  Both of these moving average variants become very useful when used for trend following with moving average crossovers. Indicators such as the moving average convergence divergence (MACD) and Bollinger bands use moving averages as key components. The MACD shows the price divergence of two moving averages, by subtracting a 26 period EMA from the 12 period EMA. A third 9 period EMA is used to give us buy and sell signals when it moves above or below this MACD. Bollinger bands, so named after their creator, use two standard deviations plotted away from a 21 period SMA.

Whichever way you look at it, one cannot deny that using moving averages by themselves may not make you a millionaire in a hurry, but are brilliantly useful in helping you follow trends and plan your commodity trading and commodity options strategy.

How To Use Charts

A good trader will always use professional charting software that give him the right tools, and are comprehensive in nature. Good software will give the discerning trader the variety of tools he requires for his daily trades. Some of the different types of charts that can be viewed by such software are candlesticks, bar charts, and open-high-low-close charts. Traders can (and often do) view these charts in many different time frames starting from as low as one minute to monthly and yearly as well.

In fact, most traders work with at least two or more timeframes when they are trading to get confirmation of a trade in more than one time frame at a time. They put in the indicators they want to use and check the filter to see what commodities result as trade possibilities. The biggest additional benefit of having charting software is to be able to incorporate your own custom indicators and oscillators that you can use in different time frames. Some software’s even allow you to build your own indicators by programming them into the software yourself. This flexibility makes having software for charting so useful and worthwhile.

Advantages Of Using Them

For commodity future traders and futures options traders, charts are exceptionally useful in determining the trades that they will take. Having technical filters help you short-list the commodities which are currently showing a buy or a sell. You can tell much more easily whether a commodity is trending or not. Simple tools such as it moving above a moving average with very large volume expansion can give you the signal you are looking for to buy into a commodity. It also helps you determine what commodities are concluding their trends so you can sell them if you have any lots. The data itself is easily available and many vendors add it at little or no cost as a package deal when you decide to open a broking or trading account with them.

Essentially, charts tell you when a commodity is trending for you to enter into a commodity trade or commodity option trade, give you stop levels, help you decide on a target for your trade, and give you an indication when the trend may be ending. Now, if these are not things worth having, then what are? Some comprehensive and popular software includes names like Metastock, Tradestation, and Advanced Get.

A visual aid is always easier to understand, and offers you the scope of being much more detailed in your study of any commodity. That is why charts are now the industry standard, and will make things much more easy for you if you too use them. At the end, you have to remember that these tools can only help you indicate a buy or a sell, but it is you who has to take the call and decide what you want to do.